Fileless Malware on the Rise, Traditional Defenses Failing

An alarming majority of malware (75 percent) is going undetected by “traditional malware solutions,” according to a new report. And nearly three-quarters of threats detected in the last quarter were zero-day malware — an all-time high.

The Internet Security Report for Q1 2021 from WatchGuard Technologies found that malicious scripts are delivering fileless malware in the form of an XML external entity. The most widespread was XML.JSLoader, which made the top 10 for the first time in the first quarter of 2021. According to researchers: “The sample WatchGuard identified uses an XML external entity (XXE) attack to open a shell to run commands to bypass the local PowerShell execution policy and runs in a non-interactive way, hidden from the actual user or victim. This is another example of the rising prevalence of fileless malware and the need for advanced endpoint detection and response capabilities.”

A ransomware loader called Zmutzy made the top 2 in Q1. It manifests as a disguised e-mail attachment. According to the researchers: “Associated with Nibiru ransomware specifically, victims encounter this threat as a zipped file attachment to an e-mail or a download from a malicious website. Running the zip file downloads an executable, which to the victim appears to be a legitimate PDF. Attackers used a comma instead of a period in the file name and a manually adjusted icon to pass the malicious zip file off as a PDF. This type of attack highlights the importance of phishing education and training, as well as implementing back-up solutions in the event that a variant like this unleashes a ransomware infection.”

The report highlighted a number of other trends in malware and network attacks:

  • Half of the top 10 malware families by volume were new to the top 10, including Ursu, Trojan.IFrame, XML.JSLoader, Zmutzy, and Zum.Androm;

  • Encrypted connections saw less zero-day malware (60.3 percent) than the overall average (74 percent);

  • Network attacks reached a three-year high during the first quarter, at 4.2 million Intrusion Prevention Service (IPS) hits on Firebox appliances;

  • More than 5 million malicious domains were blocked by DNSWatch in the quarter, a 281 percent increase over Q4 2020; and

  • Exploits against ProxyLogin Exchange Server flaws increased 1,600 percent.

A complete report and executive summary is available on the WatchGuard site, as well as an infographic with highlights from the report.

About the Author

David Nagel is the former editorial director of 1105 Media's Education Group and editor-in-chief of THE Journal, STEAM Universe, and Spaces4Learning. A 30-year publishing veteran, Nagel has led or contributed to dozens of technology, art, marketing, media, and business publications.

He can be reached at [email protected]. You can also connect with him on LinkedIn at https://www.linkedin.com/in/davidrnagel/ .


Featured

  • person signing a bill at a desk with a faint glow around the document. A tablet and laptop are subtly visible in the background, with soft colors and minimal digital elements

    California Governor Signs AI Content Safeguards into Law

    California Governor Gavin Newsom has officially signed off on a series of landmark artificial intelligence bills, signaling the state’s latest efforts to regulate the burgeoning technology, particularly in response to the misuse of sexually explicit deepfakes. The legislation is aimed at mitigating the risks posed by AI-generated content, as concerns grow over the technology's potential to manipulate images, videos, and voices in ways that could cause significant harm.

  • abstract image of fragmented, floating geometric shapes with holographic lock icons and encrypted code, set against a dark, glitchy background with intersecting circuits and swirling light trails

    Education Sector a Top Target for Mobile Malware Attacks

    Mobile and IoT/OT cyber threats continue to grow in number and complexity, becoming more targeted and sophisticated, according to a new report from Zscaler.

  • An abstract depiction of a virtual reality science class featuring two silhouetted figures wearing VR headsets

    University of Nevada Las Vegas to Build VR Learning Hub for STEM Courses

    A new immersive learning center at the University of Nevada, Las Vegas is tapping into the power of virtual reality to support STEM engagement and student success. The institution has partnered with Dreamscape Learn on the initiative, which will incorporate the company's interactive VR platform into introductory STEM courses.

  • Campus Technology Product Award

    Call for Entries: 2024 Campus Technology Product Awards

    The entry period for the 2024 Campus Technology Product Awards is now open.